Satire in The Canterbury Tales Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Satire in The Canterbury Tales - Essay Example This is not the picture one gets with the description of the Monk who is presented as being rebellious and living a self-pleasing lifestyle not caring about what a true monk should practice. He is presented as someone whose pastime activities includes hunting hares and riding his horses instead of dedicating significant time of his life to studying, praying, and working for the society. The Monk’s character and actions stand in stark contrast to the rules of the monastery which forbids the monks from leaving the monastery, hunting and leading a reckless life. The monks chooses to disobey these rules as seen in Chaucer’s assertion that "He yaf nought of that text a pulled hen† (Greenblatt, Greenblatt, Abrams and Christ 85). Elsewhere, Chaucer also notes the Monk’s habit when it is noted "Of priking and of hunting for the hare was al his lust, for no cost wolde he spare"(191-192) which implies the Monk breaks these rules because they stand in the way of the t hings he loves. The way of Monks dressing is also satirized based on his break from traditional attire used by monks. Instead of wearing the plain habits with hoods which are the usual attire, the Monk chooses to put on one with gray fur on the sleeves of his cope and a gold pin with a love knot at the end of the hood. Chaucer describes the Monk as: This shows the Monk’s break from tradition where instead of being concerned with the poor in society, he spends his resources on accessories and the best attire. The description of the Monk based also indicates someone who does not fit into a religious lifestyle where instead of having the gold pin, the Monk was supposed to have a rosary. While being â€Å"lord ful fat† indicates a contrast from the expectation that monks should be lean due to constant fasting which might also proves he did not participate in these religious

Developmental Assets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Developmental Assets - Essay Example Thus, cognitive engagement and behavior engagement encompasses the assets of school engagement and school boundaries in terms of the students’ involvement in learning activities and their adherence to school rules respectively. Similarly, emotional engagement covers the development asset of school climate adequately. The caring school climate involves an atmosphere of respect for each other as purported by progressivism. Ackerman (2003) insists that demonstrating respect for the student would foster a reciprocation of respect for the teacher thereby promoting an atmosphere of care and respect. The school personnel such as the teachers, the administrative staff and other such personnel would encourage the student to do the best that they can do at all times. The idea of showing favor to one student over the other would therefore be non existent. The second asset of school engagement incorporates the idea of a student being actively involved in learning. At no time is the student seen as a passive observer but the student is constantly involved in every dimension of the learning environment. The third assset which promotes the school as the primary promoter entails school boundaries. School boundaries emphasizes the fact that each school should have clear rules and consequences for breaking these rules. One risk factor that a student may experience without the strengthening of the caring school climate is the risk of cultural isolation or intolerance.This intolerance could lead to a rapid deterioration of the student’s self identity and self esteem. Such a decline in self worth may result in a number of inappropriate behaviors such as absenteeism, school drop out and delinquency. However, given a caring environment the students would understand the need to tolerate differences in each other whether it is colour, religion, or way of

Issues for Women in Law Enforcement

Issues for Women in Law Enforcement Women were not considered for law enforcement employment unless it was in a typical job in the profession such as, special units, desk and office jobs and received lower pay. While women were often thought of as being weaker in this profession, they fought to be recognized by constantly trying to prove themselves to be better in a male dominated arena. Women have had their struggles as officers in the police system, they have made advances that wouldnt have been heard of in the early 1900s Overall, women have made great strides in non-traditional careers since the 1950s. With changes in society, cultures and legal mandates have cleared the way for women to become members of law enforcement as well as other male dominated jobs in America and other areas in the world. Compared to the last ten years, law enforcement has changed to meet the demands of a continuing diverse society. We have better trained, educated, and a more diverse law enforcement to help better deal with the issues in our communities. Women were not readily welcomed to this male dominated arena. The role woman played to make this happen has been challenging. Historically, women have always been part of the general workforce in American society, although usually in jobs that fulfilled traditional female employment roles, such as such as nurses, secretaries, schoolteachers, waitresses and flight attendants. Shusta,et al. (2005). In 1845, the first women to be hired by the New York City Police Department were called matrons. In 1888 Massachusetts and New York passed legislation require communities with a population over 20,000 to hire police matrons to care for female prisoners. The early history of women police consisted largely of social service, in which women had to meet higher standards for police employment; Women police officers were given duties that did not allow or require them to work street patrol. Assignments and roles were limited to positions such as juvenile delinquency and truancy prevention, child abuse, crimes against women, and custodial functions. Probably one of the most damaging acts to police officers was their denial to perform basic patrol duties. One of the main reasons for this was male officers also tend to be protective toward women. Being socially conditioned to protect women, they would insist that female officers remain in the police car during traffic stops or arrest. When women were finally given the right, as a Federal law mandating equal opportunity regardless of gender or race, to perform general police work and serve on patrol, they demonstrated their fitness for police work. In many smaller departments, women still hold less than ten percent of law enforcement positions. The National Center for Women and Policing reports that nearly 90 percent of all law enforcement agencies require a physical agility test for job applicants. Women face challenges when hiring practices include physical benchmarks based on male aptitude tests which require more upper body strength than women have, is a practice that has seen some changes in recent years. The survey reveals that departments that do not use the test have 45 percent more women on the force than those with the agility exams. Research has shown that women have encountered difficulties due to negative attitudes of men about being police officers. Most women indicated that when they were exposed to offensive behavior by male officers, they remained quiet for fear of negative male backlash. Sexual harassment is prevalent in most law enforcement agencies. Harassment on the basis of sex is a violation of Section 703 of Civil Rights  Act and is defined as unwelcome or unsolicited sexual advances, request for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature. Studies have found that 60 to 70 percent of women officers experienced sexual/gender harassment. Even though harassment exists, only 4 to 6 percent of these women ever reported the harassment. This lack of reporting can be directly attributed to the code of silence in law enforcement agencies and severe retaliation that occurs when women report misconduct. Bureau of Justice Assistance (2001). In a 1995 survey, of female officers in a medium sized department, 68 percent responded yes to the question, Have you ever been sexually harassed while on duty by a member of your agency Shusta,et al. (2005). Most of the women revealed that sexual harassment occurs at all levels of an organization and is not limited to male harassment of women. Women, too, can be offenders when they initiate sexual jokes or innuendoes and use of provocative language with men. This kind of behavior usually results in men countering in a similar fashion, which can contribute to and escalate the problem even more. Shusta,et al. (2005). Becoming a police officer might bring about a more radical change to a womans life than male officers. Even today police work is a predominantly male occupation and there persists the notion that assertiveness, aggressiveness, physical capability, and emotional toughness are male characteristics necessary to perform the job, but when female officers display these qualities they are often perceived as cold, emotionless, and uncaring. Lyman, M. D. (2005). According to male police officers, catching criminals is associated with bravery and danger, making it a mans job. It is believed by male officers that female officers cannot protect their male counterparts in confrontations where strength is required. Women who are accepted into the brotherhood of police or correctional officers have generally had to become one of the guys Shusta,et al. (2005). It is believed that if a woman has a hard walk, tends to be too hard, or too unemotional she may become criticized by her co-workers and supervisors. If she is too feminine or not sufficiently aggressive, men will not take her seriously and she will not do well in either police or correctional work. When women are confronted with a dilemma: they must be aggressive enough to do the job but feminine enough to be acceptable to male peers, and the must also be able to take different approaches to problems. Shusta,et al. (2005). In the corrections arena, male officers argued that women could not handle the violence and confrontations with inmates that occur in prisons. In a recent study it was found that women officers tended to respond to violent situations as aggressively as their male co-workers, and sometimes more aggressively. Women officers also seemed to have less trouble with the inmates than did their male counterparts; although they were harassed when they first appeared on the job. Clear and Cole (2003). Male inmates in minimum custody had surprisingly low opinions of women performing as correction officers, however, maximum custody inmates had high opinions of their competency and felt that such officers would be calm and cool in  problem situations. Female officers were thought to exert a softening influence on the environment making it more livable and less violent. Clear and Cole (2003). The status of women in correctional law enforcement with comparisons between the percentages of women sworn in as state, county and municipal officers indicate a huge difference. (http://www.womenandpolicing.org/PDF/2002_Status_Report.pdf 2010) Although there has been advantages and a broad leap for women in the law enforcement arena there has also been setbacks. Gender discrimination and double standards have always had women thinking that they had to perform and do better than male officers. They are often placed in jobs that are traditionally held by women police officers, such as domestic violence, child abuse, juveniles, and school programs. They are not usually considered for the more traditionally male jobs such as SWAT teams, gang units, narcotics, and homicide. Women usually face the difficult task of having the dual role of parent and career. Issues with child care, maternity leave, family responsibilities, flexible work schedules, job sharing, and mentoring and support groups. This can be especially hard for a single parent. If women had children when they entered law enforcement frequently find that they have a hard time balancing their commitments to family and work causing a significantly higher divorce rate than do male officers and have a lower group than the national female rate. Shusta,et al. (2005). More modernized police organizations try to show support by changing work schedules, being placed on light duty, Disability insurance and paid leave benefits. The proportion of women among sworn police personnel has steadily grown since the early 70s. In 1972 a survey of cities serving populations of 250,000 or more revealed that women comprised of only 2 percent of uniformed law enforcement personnel. In 1978, women made up 4.2 percent of sworn personnel in municipal departments serving populations over 50,000. By the end of 1986, the proportion of women had risen to 8.8 percent of all sworn officers in these agencies and by 1991, 9 percent of police were women. While women may face many difficulties, sexual harassment, gender discrimination, and overall discrimination in the law enforcement field, the lack of women role models is a barrier for many women who are interested in policing as a career. It is essential that departments there are the few that is paving the way for women. In 2003, Annetta W. Nunn took the became Chief of Police in Birmingham Alabama, she sat in a chair once occupied by Eugene Bull Connor, who was an segregationist and a national symbol of the Souths flight against integration who jailed thousands of civil rights demonstrators during the 1960s when Chief Nunn was four years old in 1963. Schmalleger (2005). During her tenure, Chief Nunn was a 23 year veteran of the department heading a force of 838 men and women. In February 2005, Massachusetts had a celebration to its three top women in law enforcement. Boston police commissioner Kathleen OToole leads the nations oldest department. Suffolk county sheriff Andrea Cabral is in charge of 2,500 inmates and Massachusetts corrections commissioner Kathleen Dennehy oversees 18 prisons across the state. Each is the first woman to hold her position. Thompson (2006). In 2006, Cathy Lanier was appointed as the first ever female chief of Police Washington, D.C., by Mayor Adrian Fenty. She officially assumed the position on January 2, 2007. Chief Lanier has been with the Metropolitan Police Department beginning in 1990 with most of her career as a uniformed patrol officer, where she served as the Commander of the Fourth District, one of the largest and most diverse residential patrol districts in the city. She also served as the Commanding Officer of the Departments Major Narcotics Branch and Vehicular Homicide Units. Chief Laniers story is a testimony to overcoming strife and the hardships that life can bring. At the age of 15, she was an expectant mother, and dropped out of high school, but through determination and the willingness to succeed; she continued to pursue her education, despite having family support, she achieved and reached her goal to achieve academic and professional goals in a short matter of time. Premdas, P. (n.d.). Joanne Takasato was Honolulu Hawaiis first undercover female narcotics police officer during the 1980s who broke barriers had almost single handedly taken most of the Hawaiian island of Oahus drug dealers off the streets of Hawaii. Her 394 page book tells the story about how she was forced to sever all ties with family, and friends to create a new identity and lifestyle that would get her accepted into the drug community but to also remain undetected as an undercover officer and had almost lost everything she had known to include her family as well as her sanity in the process. This is some of the examples of some of the police women who have paved the way and proved themselves as mentors for women who would want to pursue criminal justice as a profession. It is essential that departments that want to attract women candidates have women working in a variety of different positions to highlight the many opportunities that a department has to offer and the equity in the promotional process and assignment to special units. Female officers working as detectives, tactical team officers, street supervisors and high ranking administrators need to exist on a department to maintain some sort of written policy on and procedure on recruitment. Law enforcement today is facing a crisis a loss of public confidence and trust in the wake of police scandals that are unparalleled in recent history. Highly publicized incidents of excessive force and police corruption have generated shocking headlines Los Angeles, New York, Texas, Louisiana, New Jersey, Washington, Seattle, and Chicago. Police brutality and corruption lawsuits are costing taxpayers millions of dollars each year and the number and costs are only increasing. With the payouts increasing, taxpayers will demand that officers and their organizations be held accountable for their actions. Lonsway et al. (2003) Research conducted both in the United States and internationally clearly demonstrates that women rely on a style of policing that uses less physical force are better at defusing and de escalating potentially violent confrontations with citizens and are less likely to become involved in situations with use of excessive force. Lonsway et al. (2003) As an additional benefit, female officers often respond more effectively to  incidents of violence against women, a crime that represents approximately half of all violent crimes calls to police. Lonsway et al. (2003) The National Center for Women Policing states that there are six advantages for law enforcement agencies that hire and retain more women: 1. Female officers are proven to be as competent as their male counterparts In one study, female police executives were found to be more flexible, emotionally independent, self-assertive, self confident, proactive, and creative than their male counterpart. 2. Female officers were less likely to use excessive force; One study found that male officers were the target of 50% more insults by citizens and almost three times as many threats or attempts at injury in comparison with their female peers. 3. More female officers will improve law enforcements response to violence against women. A 1985 study found that female officers demonstrated more concern, patience and understanding than their male colleagues when responding to calls of domestic violence. Battered women who had contact with a female officer rated the police response as more helpful than those without such contact. They also rated the performance of female officers more favorably. 4. Increasing the presence of female officers reduces problems of sex discrimination and harassment within a law enforcement agency. One of the most prominent impacts is in promotional opportunities. Male and female officers report the same desire for promotion, yet these opportunities are even seen as less available to women in comparison with their male counterparts. This is likely to be part of the explanation for the higher turnover rate that is consistently seen among female officers, at the academy and on the job. 5. The presence of women can bring about beneficial changes in policy for all officers. The Police Foundation noted in 1974 that the introduction of women will create in incentive to management practices which are less acceptable now that they must be applied to men and women alike. This may result in the development of improved selection criteria, performance standards, and supervision for all officers. 6. Female officers implement community-oriented policing One study found that instructors indicated that female officers have an advantage over their male peers in several areas, including empathy toward others and interacting in a way that is not designed to prove something. Lonsway et al. (2003) In conclusion, throughout history women have made a way for themselves by showing that they can compete with men if they when given the opportunity. As police officers, they have come from being matrons and doing police work that was considered only for women, to being accepted as officers on the force, to becoming Chiefs of Police. Although there are not as many in the force as there should be, police women and chiefs are they are constantly paving the way for the respect and acceptance that is rightfully deserved. Police women should not have to prove themselves to their male counterparts to become a member of a team. Many women have proven to their male counterparts that they can do police work just well as a male, if not better. Police women are needed to close the gender gap and bring a different perspective to policing to make any police force not just unique, but equal.

Bilingual Education In Miami :: essays research papers

While California debates whether to stop teaching school children in two languages, the school system in Miami, Florida is expanding bilingual education. This city at the crossroads of the Americas is expanding bilingual education under the argument that students will need to speak, read and write in English and Spanish when they reach the business world. The decision to do this almost seems natural for a metropolis where the top-rated television stations broadcast in Spanish, the top-ranked newspaper publishes a separate Spanish daily edition, many top civic leaders speak effortless Spanish and Latinos have become the majority. Educators in Miami, home to the first bilingual public school in the modern era, are baffled by the cultural and political firefight over bilingual education in California.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nowhere is the controversy more intense than in California. On June 2, 1998 there was a vote on an anti-bilingual education initiative, Proposition 227. This proposition would end most bilingual programs in California and give students with limited English skills about one year of special English classes before placing them in the mainstream. To even have something like this on the Ballot in California seems very odd. California has more students with limited English skills than any other state. California has approximately 1.4 million students with limited English and about 30% of them are in formal bilingual programs, including some two-way programs. The most common approach in California is â€Å"transitional† bilingual education, in which students often spend more time being taught in their native language than in English for their first school years. Due to the large population of Spanish speakers in California I would think that educators would want t o mock Miami’s style of teaching both English and Spanish.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Miami educators view it differently than they do in California. They look at bilingual education as a business opportunity for students. Miami’s trades with Latin America amount to billions of dollars a year. Top business leaders say that Miami can not afford to do with out bilingual education. James F. Partridge, chief of Latin American and Caribbean operations for Visa International said, â€Å"I don’t give a hoot about the political aspects of it. To me, that’s a lot of garbage. I am interested in the financial well being of this community. We need bilingual people to survive.† Partridge is so concerned about the issue that his office gives remedial lessons in Spanish and Portuguese to dozens of employees whose weak bilingual skills don’t allow them to communicate with clients in those languages.

Life and Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley

ercy Bysshe Shelley ( /? p? rsi ? b li/;[2] 4 August 1792 – 8 July 1822) was one of the major English Romantic poets and is critically regarded as among the finest lyric poets in the English language. Shelley was famous for his association with John Keats and Lord Byron. The novelist Mary Shelley was his second wife. He is most famous for such classic anthology verse works as Ozymandias, Ode to the West Wind, To a Skylark, Music, When Soft Voices Die, The Cloud and The Masque of Anarchy, which are among the most popular and critically acclaimed poems in the English language. His major works, however, are long visionary poems which included Queen Mab (later reworked as The Daemon of the World), Alastor, The Revolt of Islam, Adonais and the unfinished work The Triumph of Life. The Cenci (1819) and Prometheus Unbound (1820) were dramatic plays in five and four acts respectively. Although he has typically been figured as a â€Å"reluctant dramatist†, he was passionate about the theatre, and his plays continue to be performed today. He wrote the Gothic novels Zastrozzi (1810) and St. Irvyne (1811) and the short prose works â€Å"The Assassins† (1814), â€Å"The Coliseum† (1817) and â€Å"Una Favola† (1819). In 2008, he was credited as the co-author of the novel Frankenstein (1818) in a new edition by the Bodleian Library in Oxford and Random House in the U. S. entitled The Original Frankenstein, edited by Charles E. Robinson. [3][4][5] Shelley's unconventional life and uncompromising idealism[6][7], combined with his strong disapproving voice, made him an authoritative and much-denigrated figure during his life and afterward. Mark Twain took particular aim at Shelley in In Defense of Harriet Shelley, where he lambasted Shelley for abandoning his pregnant wife and child to run off with the 16-year-old Mary Godwin. [8] Shelley never lived to see the extent of his success and influence; although some of his works were published, they were often suppressed upon publication. He became an idol of the next three or four generations of poets, including important Victorian and Pre-Raphaelite poets. He was admired by Karl Marx, Oscar Wilde, Thomas Hardy, George Bernard Shaw, Bertrand Russell, William Butler Yeats, Upton Sinclair and Isadora Duncan. [9] Henry David Thoreau's civil disobedience and Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi's passive resistance were apparently influenced and inspired by Shelley's non-violence in protest and political action, although Gandhi does not include him in his list of mentors. (Wikipedia)

Mangrove Case Study

Mangrove Case Study A mangrove ecosystem is a general word that covers trees that are able to live in the conditions of shallow water area. There are many different plat families and these plants are able to survive regular flooding as well as fresh and salt waters. The mangrove trees must withstand being submerged twice a day by saltwater tides. The soil in which these trees grow in maybe sand but it is mostly rich mud. This rich mud is high in nutrients but low in oxygen. Mangroves have these aerial and salt filtering roots and salt excreting leaves that help them occupy the fluctuating wetlands.Salinity, temperature and oxygen are all abiotic factors used to help with the growth of this ecosystem. Salinity is a measurement of the amount of salt in the water. To measure the amount of salinity you would use a salinity meter. Using a data logger you can measure the temperature of the water. You set the data logger to record the temperature at what interval is required. It can then be imputed into a computer which is downloaded to a program and then graphed. Oxygen is a measurement of the amount of oxygen in the water. You would measure the oxygen using an oxygen meter.Salinity meter data logger oxygen meter Mangroves can grow in both fresh and salty water, whichever one is available to them. They not only tolerate, but thrive under saline conditions. In order for the mangrove to do this they either prevent salt from entering the tissues in their roots or excrete excess salt that are taken in. Oxygen is an important abiotic factor in the ecosystem. Roots of the mangrove need the oxygen to carry out respiration. In order for the roots to get oxygen, they expose during low tide.They can also store extra oxygen in the roots for when it is high tide. Site| Temp ? C| Salinity | Dissolved O? | 1| 16| 24. 2| 61%| 2| 17| 3. 5. | 47%| 3| 15. 5| 0. 2| 75%| Producers, consumers and decomposers Producers| Consumers| Decomposers| Mangrove| Nipper| Bacteria| Seagrass Zosterea | Leather jacket| Fungus| Sargassum| Bream| | Phytoplankton| Whiting| | | Heron| | | Cormorant| | | Ibis| | | Oyster| | | Soldier crab| | | Zooplankton | | Sewage overflows. Since we are building houses close by to the mangrove ecosystem, the sewage from the house is flowing into the environment.The sewage releases extra nutrients into the environment and we are building roads and drains for the sewage to run out which then this could result in freshwater entering the system. Sewage causes pollution and what come with pollution are chemicals, acidic, dangerous chemicals. These chemicals damage the mangrove trees. The amount of sewage that flows down to the mangroves ecosystem takes away what little oxygen the trees already have to use to grow. The more pollution the goes into the environment the less species of mangroves we will have.

Why There Is No Peace In Israel

Why There Is No Peace In Israel Introduction The book How Israel Lost analyzes four areas that have affected people of Israel and Palestine for several years. The author has divided the book into four parts. The first and the third parts discuss about Israel. The second part discusses about Palestine, and the last part wraps all the ideas together and comes up with viable solutions.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Why There Is No Peace In Israel? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Among the issues and questions answered by the book, there is the following: Why is there no peace in Israel? In this area, the writer gives his own views why Israel has not lived peacefully with Palestine. I found this area of discussion most interesting. This paper discusses why there is no peace between the two neighboring nations. Useful Discussions in the Book According to Cramer (2004), border crisis is the cause of unrest in Israel and Palestine. Israel attacks Pale stine at bounder while Palestine attacks Israel for the sake of revenge. This has led to suffering of the Israelites and the Palestinians living in Gaza and west bank and, as a result, a long-term crisis between the two nations. According to Cramer (2004), as the Israelites attack Palestine to gain more land and resources from the land occupied by Palestinians, they become victims just like the Palestine. This means the war between the two nation will only oppress their citizens whether the Palestinians or the Israelites. According to Cramer (2004), Jews living in Israel seem to have forgotten the principles found in the state. Their goals and standard were to become the light on democracy and peace to whole world. It would be observed that this is not the case in the current Israel. The country is not at peace at all either internally or externally. They are always fighting and oppressing Palestine. This is not in line with the principle the nation was found in. Therefore, accordin g to Cramer, this is the reason why there is no peace in Israel. The soldiers after coming home from the war do not live in peace. According to Cramer (2004), there is no peace in the country. This is because the soldiers after breaking homes and killing innocent individuals at Palestine bounder do not live at peace with one another.Advertising Looking for report on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The young individual learn to oppress those how do not belong to their group. This has a far-reaching impact in the society since the nation will be composed of individuals who do not co-exist with one another hence there is lack of peace. This means that morality of the Israelites is affected by war against Palestine. Therefore, as long as war persists, there will be no peace in Israel. Israels aggression against Palestine is hurting the Israel military. According to crammer (2004), as long as Israel fights the Pa lestine, the military will be weakening day after day. This is because more soldiers are constantly killed and resources are used to support the war rather than being used for development purposes. Crammer argues that the war between the two nations is not helping none of them but brings more harm to their military. According to Cramer (2004), the Israelites have lost the moral standards and goals. This is because they treat Palestine more harshly. Though the Israelites have been subjected to violence for several decades, Cramer believes that the Israelites should be kind to Palestine. This is because they have suffered for more than half a century and, probably, know how it feels to be oppressed. This is not the case with the Israelites. The reason is because their moral standards have been degraded. According to Cramer, the continued lack of morality among the Israelites is the main reason why there is no peace in Israel. Cramer (2004) wonders how just and humane nation can treat the Palestinians so harshly. This is because of demolition of homes in the west bank and Gaza. The homes belong to the Palestinians. This also led to the killing of innocent individuals together with the targeted Palestinians. Cramer wonders how the Israeli Supreme Court does not bother to assist Palestine. This shows how the democracy and justice have degraded in this nation. According to Cramer (2004), the lack of social justice and morality among the citizens is the reason why there is no peace in Israel.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Why There Is No Peace In Israel? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The two nations have been in bounder crisis for so long. This has affected everybody in the two societies. Each society accuses the other for the crisis. This has made it difficult to get a long lasting solution to this crisis. In the last part of the book, Cramer tries to give solutions to these problems. He calls upon the leader of the two nations, that is Ariel Sharon, of Israel and Yasser Arafat, to come together and settle disputes peacefully. This was the only solution to bring peace in Israel but it did not happen. The two did not get long-term solutions of the bounder crisis. This has worsened insecurity at the bounder. The Jews and the Palestinians are affected alike. The more Israel oppresses the Palestinian, the more the situation worsens. The Palestinians formulate the ways of defending themselves, revenge, while the Israelites formulate ways of attacking Palestine, and occupy the areas that they believe belongs to them. During the operation, homes especially for the Palestine are destroyed. People, especially children and women, are killed. This act is condemned by Cramer (2004) since he wonders how the Israelites are treating Palestine so harshly. Cramer states that the morality among the Israelites has disappeared in the recent past. Conclusion According to Cramer (2004), the p rinciple of Israel as a nation was to be the light unto the nations of the word. According to Cramer’s observation, Israel does not live by this principle. Basing the argument on this point, Israel will only have peace when they observe the principle forming the state. This is because without the moral standards being observed, the war against the Palestine will go on and, consequently, no peace in Israel. According to Cramer, the goals of the nation have been overlooked as the nation fights with Palestine. This shows that the nation has not settled down to serve the people. This is the major reason why even within the nation there is no peace. The book has explained how young individuals at their tender ages learn how to destroy property. This is something that does not belong to them. As well, young individuals learn to oppress the defenseless and the less fortunate in the society. This means that they do not learn what democracy is. This has propagated the degree of immora lity in the nation. With such immorality, the nation cannot be at peace.Advertising Looking for report on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reference List Cramer, R. (2004). How Israel lost: the four questions. New York: Simon Schuster.